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There are a number of common themes that appeared through the period 2016–2019. Mobile banking has also led to an increase in fraud incidents through access to customer information and data. The banking, financial services, and insurance sectors are expected to grow the fastest as they are targeted with cybercrimes and digital frauds. The majority of business and personal transactions occur electronically, including deals over email. Advancements in technology have intensified the sophistication of attacks on devices. The demand is expected to be driven by stringent government regulations and an increasing frequency of cyber attacks on organisations, and the increasing prevalence of Internet of Things devices. The digital forensics market by component (hardware, software, and services), type (computer forensics, network forensics, mobile device forensics, and cloud forensics), tools, and verticals is expected to grow from USD 4.62 billion in 2017 to USD 9.68 billion by 2022, a compound growth rate of 15.9% per year.
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The term legal context refers to criminal, civil and regulatory functions, which also extends into human rights, employment, natural disasters, and security matters.ĭigital and multimedia evidence includes the following sub-disciplines for which descriptions are provided: speaker recognition, facial identification, video/image technology and analysis, and digital evidence. The term coherent refers to logical reasoning and methodology. The term systematic refers to empirically supported research, controlled experiments, and repeatable procedures applied to traces. “The systematic and coherent study of traces to address questions of authentication, identification, classification, reconstruction, and evaluation for a legal context.” They arrived at the following definition of forensic science: It is noted that digital and multimedia evidence is unique among forensic disciplines as it serves investigative, procedural, and scientific functions with the outcomes synthesized into expert opinions and conclusions.īuilding on from the fundamental principle that every contact leaves a trace, the Task Group note that “ is any modification, subsequently observable, resulting from an event.” Forensic science addresses questions that are, potentially, in all disciplines: authentication, identification, classification, reconstruction, and evaluation. The Task Group was commissioned to clarify how digital and multimedia evidence fits within forensic science, and to the broader question of forensic science itself. On behalf of the Organisation of Scientific Area Committees for Forensic Science, the Task Group on Digital/Multimedia Evidence prepared a document entitled A Framework for Harmonizing Forensic Science Practices and Digital/Multimedia Evidence. The future digital evidence practitioner will need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to address forensic questions in the presented case. Each digital evidence case presents new challenges for which digital evidence practitioners should be problem solvers. Īlthough important to the field to be able to demonstrate competence and provide confidence to stakeholders, best practices and automated tools are not the panacea for digital evidence. Best practice guidelines were established over a decade ago and do not meet the challenges of smart technology, and some do not address memory forensics, database forensics, or network forensics. Digital forensic intelligence is becoming a priority in order to understand inter-jurisdictional criminal activity. People with new skills sets in artificial intelligence and data science are joining the field, and digital investigation techniques and methods are being applied to crime analysis and intelligence. In the ten years to 2017, the field of digital evidence has expanded to meet the challenges from advances in smart technology, smartphone apps, implanted medical devices, and malware. Consequently, many of the views expressed by various authors, although represented in this review, do not represent, and might be inconsistent with, those of this author. The attempt has been made to give fair representation to the wide range of views without judgement. This review paper has been primarily compiled from numerous peer reviewed publications.